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Physician Health: Results and Caveats from Surveys in Austria, Switzerland and Germany
- F. Wurst, H.-J. Rumpf, N. Thon, P. Beschoner
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, pp. S24-S25
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Background: Surveys assessing alcohol use among physicians most commonly employed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) or the AUDIT-C. As with other screeners, prevalence estimation is dependent on the accuracy of the test as well as choice of the cut-off value. The aim of the current study is to use samples from various countries derive more precise prevalence estimates of alcohol problems in physicians by correcting for false positive and false negative results using samples from various countries Method: At the Congress of the German Association of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 2005 in Berlin, 1800 questionnaires, which included the AUDIT-C were distributed among the attending participants. 936 questionnaires (52%) were returned. Also, the data are compared to a second study, performed in Salzburg, Austria to further elucidate the situation. The screening results will be presented and compared to the values when using a correction- formula using data from a general population sample on sensitivity and specificity of the AUDIT-C. Results: Based on the results of AUDIT-C and using a cut-off of 5 for both sexes, 24.1% of the sample of 887 physicians of the German sample are problematic drinkers (14.7% in female and 32 % in male physicians). Using a correction formula leads to markedly lower rates: 6.1% (all), 3.7% (female), 8.1% (male). Discussion: In this large sample, findings clearly confirm that uncorrected screening results lead to severe over-estimation of the prevalence of problematic drinking in physicians. The corrected prevalence rates are lower than in the general population.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Genome-wide association study of pathological gambling
- M. Lang, T. Leménager, F. Streit, M. Fauth-Bühler, J. Frank, D. Juraeva, S.H. Witt, F. Degenhardt, A. Hofmann, S. Heilmann-Heimbach, F. Kiefer, B. Brors, H.-J. Grabe, U. John, A. Bischof, G. Bischof, U. Völker, G. Homuth, M. Beutel, P.A. Lind, S.E. Medland, W.S. Slutske, N.G. Martin, H. Völzke, M.M. Nöthen, C. Meyer, H.-J. Rumpf, F.M. Wurst, M. Rietschel, K.F. Mann
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 36 / August 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, pp. 38-46
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Background
Pathological gambling is a behavioural addiction with negative economic, social, and psychological consequences. Identification of contributing genes and pathways may improve understanding of aetiology and facilitate therapy and prevention. Here, we report the first genome-wide association study of pathological gambling. Our aims were to identify pathways involved in pathological gambling, and examine whether there is a genetic overlap between pathological gambling and alcohol dependence.
MethodsFour hundred and forty-five individuals with a diagnosis of pathological gambling according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were recruited in Germany, and 986 controls were drawn from a German general population sample. A genome-wide association study of pathological gambling comprising single marker, gene-based, and pathway analyses, was performed. Polygenic risk scores were generated using data from a German genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence.
ResultsNo genome-wide significant association with pathological gambling was found for single markers or genes. Pathways for Huntington's disease (P-value = 6.63 × 10−3); 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling (P-value = 9.57 × 10−3); and apoptosis (P-value = 1.75 × 10−2) were significant. Polygenic risk score analysis of the alcohol dependence dataset yielded a one-sided nominal significant P-value in subjects with pathological gambling, irrespective of comorbid alcohol dependence status.
ConclusionsThe present results accord with previous quantitative formal genetic studies which showed genetic overlap between non-substance- and substance-related addictions. Furthermore, pathway analysis suggests shared pathology between Huntington's disease and pathological gambling. This finding is consistent with previous imaging studies.